/**
 * Mobile-first refinements for the public journal interface.
 * Shared page and object rules keep the OJS frontend consistent on phones.
 */
@media (max-width: 767px) {
  html {
    -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;
    text-size-adjust: 100%;
    scroll-behavior: smooth;
  }
  body {
    font-size: 16px;
    line-height: 1.6;
  }
  .pkp_structure_head {
    position: relative;
    z-index: 20;
    min-height: 0;
    border-bottom: 0;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 12px rgba(15, 35, 56, 0.12);
  }
  .pkp_site_name_wrapper {
    box-sizing: border-box;
    position: relative;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    min-height: 72px;
    height: auto;
    padding: 0.5rem 4rem;
    background: #084070;
  }
  .pkp_site_name {
    position: static;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    width: 100%;
    min-width: 0;
    min-height: 52px;
    padding: 0;
    text-align: center;
    white-space: normal;
    font-size: 1rem;
    line-height: 1.25;
  }
  .pkp_site_name .is_img {
    box-sizing: border-box;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 100%;
    margin: 0;
  }
  .pkp_site_name .is_text {
    display: block;
    font-size: 1.15rem !important;
    line-height: 1.2;
  }
  .pkp_site_name .is_img img {
    display: block;
    max-width: 260px;
    max-height: 48px;
    width: auto;
    object-fit: contain;
  }
  .pkp_site_nav_toggle {
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    left: 0.75rem;
    z-index: 10002;
    width: 44px;
    min-width: 44px;
    height: 44px;
    min-height: 44px;
    border: 0;
    border-radius: 0;
    background: transparent;
    box-shadow: none;
    transition: opacity 160ms ease;
    transform: translateY(-50%);
  }
  .pkp_site_nav_toggle > span {
    position: absolute !important;
    top: 50% !important;
    left: 50% !important;
    display: block !important;
    width: 24px !important;
    height: 18px !important;
    margin: 0 !important;
    padding: 0 !important;
    border: 0 !important;
    border-top: 3px solid #fff !important;
    border-bottom: 3px solid #fff !important;
    border-radius: 0 !important;
    background: transparent !important;
    box-shadow: none !important;
    text-indent: -9999px !important;
    overflow: visible !important;
    transform: translate(-50%, -50%) !important;
    -webkit-transform: translate(-50%, -50%) !important;
  }
  .pkp_site_nav_toggle > span::before {
    content: "" !important;
    position: absolute !important;
    top: 5px !important;
    left: 0 !important;
    width: 24px !important;
    height: 3px !important;
    border: 0 !important;
    border-radius: 0 !important;
    background: #fff !important;
    box-shadow: none !important;
    transform: none !important;
  }
  .pkp_site_nav_toggle > span::after {
    content: none !important;
  }
  .pkp_site_nav_toggle--transform > span {
    border-top: 0 !important;
    border-bottom: 0 !important;
    background: transparent !important;
  }
  .pkp_site_nav_toggle--transform > span::before {
    top: 7px !important;
    transform: rotate(-45deg) !important;
  }
  .pkp_site_nav_toggle--transform > span::after {
    content: "" !important;
    position: absolute !important;
    top: 7px !important;
    left: 0 !important;
    width: 24px !important;
    height: 3px !important;
    border: 0 !important;
    border-radius: 0 !important;
    background: #fff !important;
    transform: rotate(45deg) !important;
  }
  .pkp_site_nav_toggle:hover,
  .pkp_site_nav_toggle:focus-visible,
  .pkp_site_nav_toggle[aria-expanded="true"] {
    background: transparent;
    opacity: 0.78;
  }
  .pkp_site_nav_toggle:focus-visible {
    outline: 2px solid #fff;
    outline-offset: -5px;
  }
  .pkp_site_nav_menu,
  nav.pkp_site_nav_menu {
    position: absolute;
    top: 100%;
    left: 0;
    z-index: 10001;
    box-sizing: border-box;
    width: 100%;
    max-height: calc(100dvh - 72px);
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0.75rem 0.875rem 0.875rem;
    overflow-y: auto;
    overscroll-behavior: contain;
    visibility: hidden;
    background: #fff;
    border: 1px solid #e2eaf1;
    border-top: 0;
    border-radius: 0 0 22px 22px;
    box-shadow: 0 24px 50px rgba(8, 35, 59, 0.22);
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(-0.5rem);
    transition: opacity 180ms ease, transform 180ms ease, visibility 180ms ease;
  }
  .pkp_site_nav_menu.pkp_site_nav_menu--isOpen {
    display: block;
    visibility: visible;
    margin-top: 0;
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0);
    text-align: left;
  }
  .pkp_site_nav_menu.pkp_site_nav_menu--isOpen #siteNav {
    position: static;
    display: block;
    height: auto;
    margin: 0.2rem 0.25rem 0.6rem;
    color: #6f8191;
    font-size: 0.68rem;
    font-weight: 750;
    letter-spacing: 0.14em;
    line-height: 1.3;
    text-transform: uppercase;
  }
  .pkp_site_nav_menu.pkp_site_nav_menu--isOpen #siteNav::before {
    content: "EXPLORE";
  }
  body.navIsOpen .pkp_site_nav_menu {
    background: #fff !important;
    backdrop-filter: none;
    -webkit-backdrop-filter: none;
  }
  body.navIsOpen .pkp_site_nav_menu,
  body.navIsOpen .pkp_site_nav_menu::before,
  body.navIsOpen .pkp_site_nav_menu::after {
    background-color: #fff !important;
    background-image: none !important;
    box-shadow: 0 18px 32px rgba(15, 35, 56, 0.18);
  }
  .pkp_navigation_primary_row,
  .pkp_navigation_primary_wrapper,
  .pkp_navigation_primary,
  .pkp_navigation_user_wrapper,
  .pkp_navigation_user,
  .pkp_navigation_search_wrapper {
    box-sizing: border-box;
    width: 100%;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
  }
  .pkp_navigation_primary,
  .pkp_navigation_user {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.35rem;
    text-align: left;
  }
  .pkp_navigation_primary {
    padding: 0 0.125rem 0.25rem;
  }
  .pkp_navigation_primary > li,
  .pkp_navigation_user > li {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    margin: 0;
  }
  .pkp_navigation_primary > li > a,
  .pkp_navigation_user > li > a,
  .pkp_navigation_primary ul a,
  .pkp_navigation_user ul a {
    box-sizing: border-box;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    min-height: 52px;
    width: 100%;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0.8rem 1rem;
    border: 0;
    border-radius: 13px;
    color: #18344d;
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    line-height: 1.35;
    text-decoration: none;
  }
  .pkp_navigation_primary > li > a:hover,
  .pkp_navigation_primary > li > a:focus-visible,
  .pkp_navigation_user > li > a:hover,
  .pkp_navigation_user > li > a:focus-visible {
    background: #eef5fa;
    color: #084070;
    outline: 0;
  }
  .pkp_navigation_primary > li > a:active,
  .pkp_navigation_user > li > a:active {
    background: #e4eef5;
  }
  .pkp_navigation_primary > li > a::after,
  .pkp_navigation_user > li > a::after {
    margin-left: auto;
    color: #8a9bab;
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    font-weight: 400;
    content: "›";
  }
  .pkp_navigation_primary > li > a[aria-haspopup="true"]::after {
    content: "⌄";
  }
  .pkp_navigation_primary li ul,
  .pkp_navigation_user li ul {
    position: static;
    width: 100%;
    margin: 0.1rem 0 0.35rem 0.5rem;
    padding: 0.25rem 0 0.25rem 0.5rem;
    border-left: 2px solid #e7edf2;
    background: transparent;
    box-shadow: none;
    transform: none;
  }
  .pkp_navigation_primary li ul a,
  .pkp_navigation_user li ul a {
    min-height: 43px;
    padding: 0.6rem 0.875rem;
    color: #40566b;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    font-weight: 450;
  }
  .pkp_navigation_primary li ul a::after,
  .pkp_navigation_user li ul a::after {
    content: none;
  }
  .pkp_navigation_user.pkp_navigation_user {
    margin-top: 0.55rem;
    padding: 0.8rem 0.125rem 0.1rem;
    border-top: 1px solid #e5ebf0;
    gap: 0.25rem;
  }
  .pkp_navigation_user.pkp_navigation_user::before {
    margin: 0 0.85rem 0.25rem;
    color: #718496;
    font-size: 0.68rem;
    font-weight: 750;
    letter-spacing: 0.14em;
    content: "YOUR ACCOUNT";
  }
  .pkp_navigation_user > li > a {
    min-height: 46px;
    color: #52677a;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
  }
  .pkp_navigation_user > li > a::after {
    content: none;
  }
  .pkp_navigation_search_wrapper {
    margin-top: 0.5rem;
    padding: 0.75rem 0.125rem 0.1rem;
    border-top: 1px solid #e5ebf0;
  }
  .pkp_navigation_search_wrapper a {
    box-sizing: border-box;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    min-height: 50px;
    padding: 0.7rem 1rem;
    border: 1px solid #d5e2ec;
    border-radius: 13px;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f3f8fb 0%, #eaf2f7 100%);
    color: #123e5d;
    font-weight: 600;
    text-decoration: none;
  }
  .pkp_navigation_search_wrapper a::after {
    margin-left: auto;
    color: #60788e;
    content: "→";
    font-size: 1.25rem;
  }
  .pkp_navigation_search_wrapper a:hover,
  .pkp_navigation_search_wrapper a:focus-visible {
    border-color: #9bb6ca;
    background: #eaf2f7;
    outline: 0;
  }
  .pkp_structure_content {
    box-sizing: border-box;
    width: 100%;
    padding: 1rem 1rem 2rem;
  }
  .pkp_structure_main {
    box-sizing: border-box;
    min-width: 0;
    padding: 0;
  }
  .pkp_structure_main h1 {
    font-size: 1.65rem;
    line-height: 1.2;
  }
  .pkp_structure_main h2 {
    font-size: 1.35rem;
    line-height: 1.3;
  }
  .pkp_structure_main p,
  .pkp_structure_main .item,
  .pkp_structure_main .description {
    font-size: 1rem;
    line-height: 1.65;
  }
  .pkp_structure_main a,
  .pkp_structure_main .pub_id .id {
    overflow-wrap: anywhere;
  }
  .page_index_journal > section,
  .page_index_journal > .additional_content,
  .page_issue .obj_issue_toc,
  .page_article .obj_article_details,
  .page_about .page,
  .page_contact .page {
    min-width: 0;
    margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
  }
  .homepage_image {
    margin: 0 -1rem 1.25rem;
  }
  .homepage_image img {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    max-height: 42vh;
    object-fit: cover;
  }
  .current_issue_title {
    margin: 0.5rem 0 1rem !important;
    font-size: 1.15rem !important;
    line-height: 1.4;
  }
  .obj_article_summary {
    box-sizing: border-box;
    display: grid !important;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 0.5rem 0.875rem;
    min-width: 0;
    margin: 0 !important;
    padding: 1rem 0 !important;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8ee !important;
    text-align: left;
  }
  .obj_article_summary > .title,
  .obj_article_summary > .meta,
  .obj_article_summary > .galleys_links {
    grid-column: 1;
    min-width: 0;
  }
  .obj_article_summary > .title {
    font-size: 1rem;
    line-height: 1.45;
  }
  .obj_article_summary > .title a {
    color: #084070 !important;
  }
  .obj_article_summary > .meta {
    padding-top: 0;
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    line-height: 1.5;
  }
  .obj_article_summary .authors {
    display: block !important;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0 !important;
    background: transparent !important;
    color: #506276 !important;
  }
  .obj_article_summary .pages {
    position: static;
    display: block;
    width: auto;
    height: auto;
    margin-top: 0.25rem;
    color: #697b8d;
    float: none;
  }
  .obj_article_summary.has_cover {
    grid-template-columns: 4.5rem minmax(0, 1fr);
  }
  .obj_article_summary.has_cover > .cover {
    grid-column: 1;
    grid-row: 1 span 3;
    width: 100%;
    max-width: none !important;
    aspect-ratio: 0.75;
    margin: 0;
  }
  .obj_article_summary.has_cover > .cover img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: contain;
  }
  .obj_article_summary.has_cover > .cover img {
    width: 100%;
    max-height: 6.5rem !important;
    object-fit: contain;
  }
  .obj_article_summary.has_cover > .title,
  .obj_article_summary.has_cover > .meta,
  .obj_article_summary.has_cover > .galleys_links {
    grid-column: 2;
  }
  .obj_article_summary.has_cover > .title {
    grid-row: 1;
  }
  .obj_article_summary.has_cover > .meta {
    grid-row: 2;
  }
  .obj_article_summary.has_cover > .galleys_links {
    grid-row: 3;
  }
  .obj_article_summary .galleys_links {
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    margin-top: 0;
  }
  .obj_article_summary .galleys_links a,
  .obj_issue_toc .galleys_links a,
  .read_more,
  a.block_make_submission_link {
    box-sizing: border-box;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    min-height: 44px;
    padding: 0.6rem 0.9rem;
    border-radius: 10px;
    background: #084070;
    color: #fff !important;
    font-weight: 600;
    text-decoration: none;
  }
  .obj_issue_toc .heading {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);
    gap: 1rem;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  }
  .obj_issue_toc .cover {
    float: none;
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 12rem;
    max-width: 100%;
    aspect-ratio: 0.75;
    margin: 0 auto;
  }
  .obj_issue_toc .cover img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    max-height: 18rem;
    margin: 0 auto;
    object-fit: contain;
  }
  .obj_issue_toc .description,
  .obj_article_details .item,
  .obj_article_details .abstract {
    font-size: 1rem;
    line-height: 1.7;
  }
  .obj_article_details,
  .obj_article_details .row,
  .obj_article_details .main_entry,
  .obj_article_details .entry_details,
  .obj_article_details .item,
  .obj_article_details .value {
    box-sizing: border-box;
    min-width: 0;
    max-width: 100%;
  }
  .obj_article_details .row {
    margin: 1.25rem 0 0;
  }
  .obj_article_details .authors {
    box-sizing: border-box;
    max-width: 100%;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
  }
  .obj_article_details .authors li {
    box-sizing: border-box;
    max-width: 100%;
    margin: 0 0 0.75rem;
    padding: 0.875rem;
    border: 1px solid #e2e8ee;
    border-radius: 12px;
    background: #f8fafc;
    overflow-wrap: anywhere;
  }
  .obj_article_details .authors .name {
    font-size: 1rem;
  }
  .obj_article_details .authors .affiliation,
  .obj_article_details .authors .userGroup,
  .obj_article_details .authors .orcid {
    line-height: 1.5;
    overflow-wrap: anywhere;
  }
  .obj_article_details .entry_details {
    margin: 1.25rem 0 0;
    border: 0;
  }
  .obj_article_details .entry_details .item {
    margin: 0 0 0.75rem;
    padding: 1rem;
    border: 1px solid #e2e8ee;
    border-radius: 12px;
    background: #fff;
  }
  .obj_article_details .entry_details .item:last-child {
    border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8ee;
  }
  .obj_article_details .galleys_links {
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 0.5rem;
  }
  .obj_issue_toc .published,
  .obj_issue_toc .pub_id {
    margin: 0.75rem 0;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    line-height: 1.55;
  }
  .obj_issue_toc .sections:not(:first-child) {
    margin-top: 1.5rem;
  }
  .obj_issue_toc .section,
  .obj_issue_toc .galleys {
    box-sizing: border-box;
    margin: 1rem 0 !important;
    padding: 1rem !important;
    border: 1px solid #e2e8ee;
    border-radius: 14px;
    background: #fff;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 14px rgba(18, 47, 73, 0.05);
  }
  .obj_issue_toc .section > h3,
  .obj_issue_toc .galleys > h3,
  .obj_issue_toc .galleys > h4 {
    position: static !important;
    display: block !important;
    margin: 0 0 0.5rem !important;
    padding: 0 0 0.65rem !important;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8ee !important;
    font-size: 1.1rem !important;
    font-weight: 650 !important;
    line-height: 1.35;
  }
  .obj_issue_toc .articles {
    margin-top: 0 !important;
  }
  .obj_issue_summary {
    box-sizing: border-box;
    margin: 0 0 1rem;
    padding: 1rem;
    border: 1px solid #e2e8ee;
    border-radius: 14px;
    background: #fff;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 14px rgba(18, 47, 73, 0.05);
  }
  .obj_issue_summary .cover img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    max-height: 11rem;
    object-fit: contain;
  }
  .obj_issue_summary .cover {
    display: block;
    aspect-ratio: 0.75;
  }
  .pkp_structure_sidebar,
  .pkp_structure_sidebar.left {
    box-sizing: border-box;
    display: block;
    width: auto;
    margin: 1rem 0 0;
    padding: 0;
  }
  .pkp_block {
    box-sizing: border-box;
    max-width: 100%;
    margin: 0 0 1rem !important;
    padding: 1rem !important;
    border: 1px solid #e2e8ee;
    border-radius: 14px;
    background: #fff !important;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 14px rgba(18, 47, 73, 0.05);
  }
  .pkp_block .content img {
    max-width: 100%;
    height: auto;
  }
  .form-control,
  input:not([type="checkbox"]):not([type="radio"]),
  select,
  textarea {
    box-sizing: border-box;
    max-width: 100%;
    min-height: 44px;
    font-size: 16px;
  }
  button,
  input[type="submit"],
  input[type="button"] {
    min-height: 44px;
  }
  .pkp_structure_footer {
    box-sizing: border-box;
    width: 100%;
    padding: 1.5rem 1rem;
  }
  .pkp_structure_footer .footer-ul {
    box-sizing: border-box;
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 100%;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
  }
  .pkp_structure_footer .footer-ul > li {
    box-sizing: border-box;
    max-width: 100%;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0.5rem 0.75rem;
    overflow-wrap: anywhere;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 767px) and (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  *,
  *::before,
  *::after {
    scroll-behavior: auto !important;
    animation-duration: 0.01ms !important;
    animation-iteration-count: 1 !important;
    transition-duration: 0.01ms !important;
  }
}
@media (max-width: 360px) {
  .pkp_site_name_wrapper {
    min-height: 68px;
    padding-right: 3.5rem;
    padding-left: 3.5rem;
  }
  .pkp_site_name .is_img img {
    max-width: 190px;
    max-height: 42px;
  }
}